Ida Bell Wells (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an African American sociologist, civil rights leader and a women's rights leader active in the Woman Suffrage Movement. Ida B. Wells-Barnett & Fannie Barrier Williams (Illinois residents) and many other African American women leaders were champions of questioning, challenging, and implementing programs to improve the well-being of the African American community and of other citizens and visitors in the United States who were marginalized as a result of their race, class, and gender. Due to migrations, unsanitary environments, and the beginning of the industrialization age the characterization of a “true woman” changed with the times. Since “true women” were identified as “moral guardians”, women throughout America took it upon themselves to organize clubs for women to address political, social, and economic needs of all of its societal members. The women clubs primarily excluded or limited African American influence in these organizations. Also only elite or middle class or educated women were permitted to participate in these organizations. One would question why white women adapted this practice when they were excluded from various political processes as a result of their genders. Wikipedia.orgPeacin' Izzout!
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